How to extract CSS properties of an element: Interview question Selenium

During functional test script creation using selenium , we came across steps like verify the background color , font size or the text color of the element. These are the different CSS properties associated with an element. We can extract the value of CSS properties using the below code:

What we require is to:

• Identify the element 
• Get CSS Attribute on the element
• Store the property in a variable

WebElem = driver.findElement(By.id("testbhd"));

// to get background color
String bgColor = WebElem.getCssValue("background-color");

// to get text color
String bgColor = WebElem.getCssValue("color");

// to get font size
String bgColor = WebElem.getCssValue("font-size");

Running JavaScript in UFT on Page

In UFT,  we can run java script on a page using RunScript method as shown below. This can be very useful to perform operation on a page/element in the page through Java script.

Browser(...).Page(...).runscript("javascript statement")

XPath Object Identification in UFT descriptive programming

UFT also supports XPATH and css together with descriptive programming, object repository and DOM for object Identification.

Xpath stands for Xml Path. Below are some XPath examples to be used with UFT. Xpath and css are most widely used object identification way in selenium also.

Xpath examples:

Id: 

Browser(...).Page(...).weblink("xpath:=//a[@id='linkuft']").click

Attribute Value:

Browser(...).Page(...).weblink("xpath:=//a[@Atttribute='goodclass']").click

text:

Browser(...).Page(...).weblink("xpath:=//a[text()='UFT']").click 

partial attribute value

Browser(...).Page(...).weblink("xpath:=//a[starts-with(@attribute,'goodclass']").click

Browser(...).Page(...).weblink("xpath:=//a[contains(@attribute,'goodclass']").click

Browser(...).Page(...).weblink("xpath:=//a[ends-with(@attribute,'goodclass']").click

To know details on what is CSS and XPath and how to capture CSS or xpath of an element. refer to

XPath and CSS for selenium/UFT

We can use tools like firebug/firepath or IE developer tool to identify the xpath/css of an element.

xpath is really useful when element is not identified diretly based on Object repository properties and used to
identify an element based on relative element existence based on other elements in the tree.

WebTables in UFT - 10 Key points

1. WebTable or html grid are integral part of html pages and a lot of application data is organised in WebTables. QTP provides different methods to interact with the webtable in the web application. In this remaining article, we will discuss key points to interact with the webtables. 

Below image shows how a webTable is divided into column and rows and data can be extracted from cell in the web table.

2. Verify if the table exist in the application

istbleExist=Browser("qaaqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:= DataTable").exist

3. In case the table exist in the Page, we can get the count of rows and columns in the application as shown below:

iRowCnt=Browser("qaautmationqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:= DataTable").RowCount
'' for each of the  row, get the column count for each row
For rownum=1 to iRowCnt
 iColCnt=Browser("qaautmationqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable").ColumnCount(rownum) 
 MsgBox iColCnt
Next

4. Now we know the number of rows and columns in the table, we can extract cell information using the code below:

CellData= Browser("qaautmationqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable").GetCellData(rownum,colcnt)

5. We can perform action on object of specific type in a cell in the webTable based on the cell

ibtnCnt=Browser("qaautmationqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable")
.ChildItemCount(4,3,"WebButton")

This will get the number of child items in a particular cell of particular type.

6. This will click on the 2nd  webbutton in row 4 and column 3 of the webtable.

Browser("qaautmationqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable").ChildItem(4,3,"WebButton",1).click

7. Using HTML DOM also, we can get count of objects in a webtable

ielemCnt = Browser("Google").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable").object.getElementsbyTagName(strTagName).length

8. We can get row count of element based on the cell text as below:

irownum = object.GetRowWithCellText ("text to search",columnnum, startfromrownum)

9. We can work with webtable together with dynamic descriptive programming as shown below:

Set objDesc = Description.Create
objDesc("micclass").value = "WebElement"
objDesc("html tag").value = "TD"
Set childobjdesc=Browser("Google").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable")ChildObjects(objDesc)

10. Using ChildItemCount and childItem, we can extract information from webTable as shown below:

Public Function findObjectinWebTable(strobjType,iRow,iCol)
 ''get child count of specific object type
 oChildCnt=Browser("qaautmationqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable").ChildItemCount(iRow,iCol,strobjType)
 If oChildCnt >0
  ''Perform action based on object type
  Set ChldItem = Browser("qaautmationqtp").Page("title:=.*").WebTable("name:=DataTable").ChildItem(iRow,iCol,strobjType,0)
 If (strobjType = "Link" or strobjType ="WebEdit") Then
  ChldItm.Click
  ElseIf(stobjType = "WebCheckBox") Then
  ChldItm.Set "ON"
 End If
End Function

Descriptive Programming in UFT : 10 Key points

1. Descriptive programming is describing the object properties in the code itself instead of defining an object in the object repository.

2. Descriptive programming has two flavors: 
 a.) Static DP
 b.) Dynamic DP

3. Static DP defines the object property in inline description in the Page tree structure as defined below:

''example 3.1) - In case all the object in the tree are defined as static DP
Browser("title:=Bing").Page("title:=Bing").WebEdit("name:=qb").Set "test automation"

''example 3.2) Multiple properties are used to uniquely identify an element,
 the properties are seperated by ,
Browser("title:=ng").Page("title:=ng").WebEdit("name:=qb", "type:=input").Set "test"

4. The structure of element in the page follows the tree structure as Browser --> Page --> WebElement.
We cannot define browser and page as descriptive programming, in case  last element in the tree(WebEdit, WebElement is defined from Object repository.

5. Dynamic description example is shown below:

Set objdescBR = description.Create
objdesc("title").value ="Google"
Set objdescPg = description.Create
objdescPg("title").value ="Google"
Set objdesc = description.Create
objdesc("micclass").value ="Link"
Set objLinks = Browser(objdescBR).Page(objdescPg).childobjects(objDesc)
Msgbox objLinks.count

6. Dynamic description is useful to perform similar action on group of elements. e.g: get the text of all the links in the page.

7. Set objLinks = Browser(objdescBR).Page(objdescPg).childobjects(objDesc) returns list of elements. This can be a list of links in the page or multiple checkbox
in the page.

8. We can access each element of group of element using objLinks(index) as shown below:

For i=0 to objLinks.count -1 to Step 1
 objLinks(i).GetRoProperty("name")
Next

9. Descriptive programming is very useful in case of:

9.1 - Common element definition used across a set of pages in the application. e.g: Canel, OK, New button
9.2 - In case of DP programming used in function libraries, the objects are defined in Function library and can be used in multiple tests.
9.3 - Performing same action with multiple elements with similar properties.
9.4 - Maintaining OR can be complex and OR size may grow considerably in the application. 
9.5 - Application is not ready. 
9.6 - Keyword driven framework.
9.7 - A good approach is to use a mix of Object Repository and Object repository and xpath definition.

10. Regular expression can be used together with Descriptive programming, which can again be part 
of another article 10 things to know, regular expression with descriptive programming.

Environment variable in UFT : 10 Key points

1. Definition - Environment variables are variables used across QTP Scripts/ all actions in a script/recovery scenario/function libraries in a UFT script.
Understand them as global variables for UFT Test Scripts.

2. Types of Environment Variables:
Environment variables are of 2 types: 
a. Built in Variables
b. User Defined Variables

3. Built -in variables are defined in QTP and can provide information on the QTP scripts and the operating system.

4. User Defined variables are again be divided into two types: 
       a. User Defined - Internal - defined at test level by adding a new environment parameter.
       b. User Defined - External - imported for an external xml file with parameters and values for parameters defined in the external file.




5. Steps to add user defined environment variables:

a.) In the test in which environment variable are to be added, Go to file -> Settings -> Environment.
b.) In variable type, select user defined. 
c.) Click on + icon, and add a new parameter with name and value.

6. To import from external file, check checkbox to load from external file and provide the path of the external file.

7. Environment variable for external file can be imported through code as shown below:

fileName = Environment.ExternalFileName

if (fileName = "") Then

    Environment.LoadFromFile("C:\testEnv.xml")

End If

8. Access and update environment variable in the script:

''Acessing an environment variable:

Testval =  Environment.Value("testing")

''Updating an user defined variable

Environment.Value("testing") = "testing2"

9. Example of environment variable xml file

<Environment>
 <Variable>
  <Name>Environment1</Name>
  <Value>ValueA</Value>
 </Variable>
 <Variable>
  <Name>Variable2</Name>
  <Value>ValueB</Value>
 </Variable>
</Environment>

10. Useful Reference: 

http://gareddy.blogspot.in/2010/12/qtp-environment-variables.html

http://qaautomationqtp.blogspot.in/2013/05/environment-variables-in-qtp.html

Summary